Compare Energy Costs

   Electricity                 Fuel Oil           Propane           Natural Gas        Natural Gas

Water/Air HP              Regular            Regular               Regular         Super Efficient

   (COP 3)                  (60% Eff.)      (90% Eff.)          (80% Eff.)           (90%) Eff.)

(Cents/kWh)                ($/gal.)            ($/gal.)               $/therm.)              ($/therm.)

Geothermal or Ground-source heat Pump 300% Efficient

     6.0                            0.49                 0.48                   0.47                        0.53

 Air-to-Air Heat Pump 200% Efficient

     6.0                            0.73                 0.72                     0.70                      0.79

Electric Resistance 100% Efficient

             6.0                        1.46                    1.45                      1.41                       1.58         

                                                                                                            Annual Season

            Fuel                 Btu Heat         Content                           Operating Efficiency

Electricity                    3,413               Btu/kWh                     100%, 200%, 300%

#2 Fuel Oil              138,000               Btu/gallon                                           60%

Propane                     91,500               Btu/gallon                                           90%

Natural Gas             100,000               Btu/thermal                                80%, 90%

Wood                 16,000,000               Btu/ton                                               60%

Formulas:

Alternate fuel price to electric rate conversion formula:

            (Fuel Price) / (Fuel Eff.) x (3413 x Elec. Eff.) / (BTU Content) = Electric Rate

            Example of $1.45/gallon propane to electricity with a super-efficient furnace:

                        (1.45) / (0.9) x (3413x100) / (91,500) = 6.0 cents per kWh

Electricity rate to alternate fuel price conversion formula:

            (Electric Rate) x (Fuel Eff.) x (Btu Content)  /(3413xElec. Eff.) = Fuel Price

            Example of 6.0 cents/kWh Electric Rate to #2 Fuel Oil with a regular furnace:

                        (6.0) x (0.6) x (138,000) / (3413x100) = $1.46 per gallon