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Comparing Energy Cost

	Electricity Water/Air HP (COP 3) (Cents/kWh)	Fuel Oil Regular (60% Eff.) ($/gal.)	Propane Regular (92% Eff.) ($/gal.)	Natural Gas Regular (75% Eff.) ($/therm.)	Natural Gas Super Efficient (92% Eff.) ($/therm.)
Geothermal or Ground-Source Heat Pump 300% Efficient	.0680	0.93	0.57	0.50	0.61
Air-to-Air Heat Pump 200% Efficient	.0680	1.39	0.85	0.75	0.92
Electric Resistance 100% Efficient	.0680	2.79	1.70	1.50	1.84

Fuel	Btu Heat	Content	Annual Season Operating Efficency
Electricity	3,413	Btu/kWh	100%, 200%, 300%
#2 Fuel Oil	140,000	Btu/gallon	60%
Propane	91,600	Btu/gallon	92%
Natural Gas	100,000	Btu/thermal	75%, 92%
Wood	16,000,000	Btu/ton	60%

Alternate fuel price to electric rate conversion formula:

(Fuel Price) / (Fuel Eff.) x (3413 x Elec. Eff.) / (BTU Content) = Electric Rate

Example of $1.48/gallon propane to electricity with a super-efficient furnace:

(1.48) / (0.9) x (3413x100) / (91,600) = 6 cents per kWh

Electricity rate to alternate fuel price conversion formula:

(Electric Rate) x (Fuel Eff.) x (Btu Content) /(3413xElec. Eff.) = Fuel Price

Example of 6.4 cents/kWh Electric Rate to #2 Fuel Oil with a regular furnace:

(6) x (0.6) x (140,000) / (3413x100) = $1.47 per gallon